Chapter 7: Transportation in Animals and Plants
Overview of the Chapter
Understanding the Chapter
This chapter explains how substances are transported in animals and plants. It covers the circulatory system in animals, including humans, and the vascular system in plants, detailing the functions of different components involved in transportation.
Transportation in Animals
Circulatory System
Heart: A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
Blood: A fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.
Blood Vessels: Tubes through which blood flows, including arteries, veins, and capillaries.
The Human Heart
Function: The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Heartbeat: The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.
Sections of the Human Heart
Blood Vessels
Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels where the exchange of substances occurs between blood and tissues.
Blood Composition
Red Blood Cells: Carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
White Blood Cells: Fight infection and protect the body against diseases.
Platelets: Help in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.
Circulatory System in Other Animals
Closed Circulatory System: Found in vertebrates, where blood flows within vessels.
Transportation in Plants
Vascular System
Phloem: Transports food (sugars) made in the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Water and Mineral Transport
Transpiration: The process of water evaporation from the leaves, creating a pull that draws water upward through the plant.
Capillary Action: Helps in the upward movement of water in the xylem vessels.
Transport of Food
Translocation: The movement of food from leaves to other parts of the plant through the phloem.
The Excretory System in Animals
Human Excretory System
Ureters: Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Bladder: Stores urine until it is excreted.
Urethra: The tube through which urine is expelled from the body.
Dialysis
Types:
Hemodialysis: Blood is filtered using a dialysis machine.
Peritoneal Dialysis: The lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) is used to filter blood inside the body.
Importance: Dialysis helps maintain the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body and removes toxins.
Excretory System in Other Animals
Aquatic Animals: Excrete waste through gills and other specialized structures.
Conclusion
Summary of the Chapter
The circulatory system in animals, including humans, transports essential substances like oxygen and nutrients and removes waste products.
The vascular system in plants, consisting of xylem and phloem, transports water, minerals, and food.
The excretory system removes waste products from the body, maintaining internal balance.
Dialysis is a critical process for patients with kidney failure, ensuring waste products are removed from the blood.
Additional Information
Key Terms and Concepts
Heart: The organ that pumps blood.
Xylem: Vascular tissue in plants that transports water and minerals.
Phloem: Vascular tissue in plants that transports food.
Transpiration: The process of water evaporation from plant leaves.
Dialysis: The medical process of filtering blood when kidneys are not functioning properly.
Important Examples and Cases
Xylem and Phloem: The roles of xylem and phloem in plant transportation.
Dialysis Treatment: An example of how dialysis helps patients with kidney failure.
Notable Observations
Transpiration Pull: The mechanism by which water is drawn upward through the plant.
Dialysis in Medicine: Dialysis is a lifesaving procedure for individuals with non-functioning kidneys.
FAQs
The circulatory system is responsible for transporting substances like oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where the exchange of substances occurs between blood and tissues.
Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
White blood cells fight infection and protect the body against diseases.
Platelets help in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.
A closed circulatory system is found in vertebrates, where blood flows within vessels.
A closed circulatory system is found in vertebrates, where blood flows within vessels.
The vascular system in plants consists of xylem and phloem that transport water, minerals, and food.
Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
Phloem transports food (sugars) made in the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Transpiration is the process of water evaporation from the leaves, creating a pull that draws water upward through the plant.
Translocation is the movement of food from leaves to other parts of the plant through the phloem.
The human excretory system consists of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, which remove waste products from the body.
Kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess water, forming urine.
Dialysis is a medical process used to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.
The two main types of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Insects use Malpighian tubules to excrete waste.
Aquatic animals excrete waste through gills and other specialized structures.
The excretory system removes waste products from the body, maintaining internal balance.
Chapter 7: Transportation in Animals and Plants MCQs
1. What is the function of the circulatory system in animals?
2. What do veins do in the human body?
3. What are capillaries?
4. What is the role of white blood cells?
5. What does the xylem transport in plants?
6. How do roots absorb water and minerals from the soil?
7. What is transpiration in plants?
8. What is the function of the kidneys in the human body?
9. What is dialysis?
10. How do insects excrete waste?
11. What is the main product of the phloem’s transportation function in plants?
12. What are platelets responsible for in the blood?
Access concise short notes for all chapters of the Class 7 Geography NCERT book ‘Our Environment,’ tailored for CBSE students. Click here to view the complete collection.
