Respiration is the process by which organisms take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide to produce energy from food.

Respiration provides the necessary energy for all life processes, including growth, repair, and maintenance of body functions.

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.

Intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and help lift the ribcage during inhalation, increasing the chest cavity volume and aiding in breathing.

Some bacteria respire aerobically using oxygen, while others respire anaerobically, using substances other than oxygen to produce energy.

The exchange of gases is important in respiration because it allows oxygen to enter the bloodstream for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, from the body.

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

During inhalation, air rich in oxygen is taken into the lungs.

During exhalation, air rich in carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs.

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that contracts and flattens during inhalation, increasing the chest cavity volume.

The stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Muscle fatigue and cramps during vigorous exercise are caused by the accumulation of lactic acid from anaerobic respiration.

Fish respire through gills, which extract oxygen from water and expel carbon dioxide.

Cockroaches breathe through a network of tubes called tracheae, with openings called spiracles.

Earthworms respire through their moist skin, where oxygen diffuses directly into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

Plants respire through stomata in leaves and lenticels in stems, similar to aerobic respiration in animals.

Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow gas exchange for respiration.

Yeasts respire anaerobically by converting glucose into alcohol and carbon dioxide, producing energy.

The main organs of the human respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs.

The trachea, or windpipe, filters air and leads it to the bronchi.

Aerobic respiration provides a large amount of energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration allows certain organisms to produce energy in environments lacking oxygen.

Cellular respiration is crucial for producing energy within cells to power various biological processes.

During vigorous exercise, the body increases the rate of breathing and heart rate to supply more oxygen for aerobic respiration and may switch to anaerobic respiration when oxygen is insufficient.

The Krebs cycle is a series of chemical reactions in cellular respiration that generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.