Resources: Resources are substances or materials that are useful to people and can be used to meet their needs. They are available in the environment and are used to produce goods and services.

Example: Water, minerals, forests, and fossil fuels.

Natural Resources: Resources that are obtained from nature.

Renewable Resources: Resources that can be replenished naturally over time.

Example: Solar energy, wind energy, and forests.

Non-renewable Resources: Resources that are available in limited quantities and cannot be replenished.

Example: Coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Human-made Resources: Resources that are created by humans using natural resources.

Example: Buildings, machinery, and roads.

Human Resources: The knowledge, skills, and abilities of people.

Example: Teachers, engineers, and doctors.

Resource Planning: The process of managing resources efficiently and sustainably to meet present and future needs.

Steps in Resource Planning:

1. Identification and inventory of resources.
2. Planning for the exploitation of resources.
3. Implementing and monitoring resource development plans.

Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Principles of Sustainable Development:

1. Conservation of resources.
2. Reducing waste and pollution.
3. Promoting renewable resources.
4. Protecting the environment.

Conservation of Resources: The sustainable use and management of natural resources to prevent depletion and ensure their availability for future generations.

Methods of Conservation:

1. Reducing consumption.
2. Recycling and reusing materials.
3. Protecting ecosystems and biodiversity.

Technological Advancements: Use of modern technology to enhance the efficiency of resource use and reduce environmental impact.

Example: Development of energy-efficient appliances, water-saving technologies, and renewable energy sources.

Geographical Distribution: The distribution of natural resources varies across different regions in India.

Example: Coal reserves in Jharkhand, iron ore in Odisha, and petroleum in Assam.

Government Initiatives: Various government policies and programs aimed at sustainable resource management.

Example: National Water Policy, afforestation programs, and renewable energy initiatives.

Activity: Identify and list the natural, human-made, and human resources available in your locality.

Example: Identify local water bodies, parks, schools, and skilled professionals.

Exercise: Implement and document sustainable practices in your daily life, such as reducing water use, recycling waste, and using energy-efficient devices.

Example: Create a plan to reduce household waste and increase recycling.

• Example of Renewable Resources: Solar energy, wind energy, and forests.
• Example of Non-renewable Resources: Coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
• Example of Resource Planning: Identification and inventory of resources, planning for exploitation, and implementing development plans.
• Example of Sustainable Practices: Reducing consumption, recycling materials, and using energy-efficient devices.

• Importance of Resource Management: Efficient resource management is crucial for sustainable development and ensuring the availability of resources for future generations.
• Role of Technology: Technological advancements play a significant role in enhancing the efficiency of resource use and reducing environmental impact.